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There are two general types of mixtures to consider,
mixtures of miscible liquids and mixtures of immiscible liquids. Their behavior on
distillation is very different from one another and each type has very well defined
uses in organic chemistry. Miscible liquids are soluble in each other in all ratios.
Immiscible liquids do not dissolve in one another to any extent. Water is immiscible
with most organic substances and, for our purposes, will always be one of the components
in a mixture of immiscible liquids.
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